Articles Database - Epidemiology - Aspergillus and Aspergillosis

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Invasive Fungal Disease in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in China: A Multicenter Epidemiological Study (CAESAR 2.0)

Background: This study (China Assessment of Antifungal Therapy in Hematological Diseases [CAESAR 2.0]) aimed to provide updated epidemiological data on invasive fungal disease (IFD) in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

Methods: This multicenter, real-world, observational study was conducted at 12 allo-HSCT centers in China between January and December 2021. Consecutive adult patients (aged ≥18 years) who underwent allo-HSCT with antifungal prophylaxis were included. IFD was diagnosed according to the 2019 criteria of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG). Follow-up was completed by 31 December 2022.

Results: A total of 2015 patients were included. Mold-active antifungal prophylaxis was used in 76.08%, most of whom received voriconazole (44.37%) or posaconazole (31.71%). The cumulative incidence of IFD (proven or probable) 1 year after allo-HSCT was 6.3%. Pathogens were identified in 47.97% of IFD cases and mainly included Candida spp. (17.89%), Mucorales (13.01%), Aspergillus spp. (8.94%), and Pneumocystis jirovecii (6.5%). Multivariate analysis identified the following factors associated with IFD: disease at advanced stage (hazard ratio, 2.55 [95% confidence interval, 1.58-4.12]; P < .001), absolute neutrophil count engraftment (≤28 days) (0.37 [15-.92]; P = .03), platelet engraftment (≤28 days) (0.41 [.27-.62]; P < .001), and acute graft-vs-host disease grade III-IV (2.97 [1.97-4.49]; P < .001). The IFD-attributable mortality rate was 48.28%.

Conclusions: Despite the widespread use of mold-active prophylaxis, the risk of IFD after allo-HSCT remains high. The most common pathogens are Candida spp., Mucorales, Aspergillus spp., and P. jirovecii.

Keywords: China; allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT); epidemiology; invasive fungal disease (IFD); mold-active antifungal prophylaxis.

2025
Etiopathology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Fungal Keratitis.

Bisen AC, Sanap SN, Agrawal S, Biswas A, Mishra A, Verma SK, Singh V, Bhatta RS.

2024
Destructive non-invasive infection in isolated frontal sinus aspergilloma: Prevalence and proposition of a new pathogenetic model.

Dohin I, Vinciguerra A, Sama A, Verillaud B, Herman P.

2024
Aspergillus fumigatus-a systematic review to inform the World Health Organization priority list of fungal pathogens.

Morrissey CO, Kim HY, Duong TN, Moran E, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Denning DW, Perfect JR, Nucci M, Chakrabarti A, Rickerts V, Chiller TM, Wahyuningsih R, Hamers RL, Cassini A, Gigante V, Sati H, Alffenaar JW, Beardsley J.

2024
A single-source nosocomial outbreak of Aspergillus flavus uncovered by genotyping.

Gewecke A, Hare RK, Salgård C, Kyndi L, Høg M, Petersen G, Nahimana D, Abou-Chakra N, Knudsen JD, Rosendahl S, Vissing NH, Arendrup MC.

2024
Invasive Fungal Sinusitis and Its Orbital Morbidity in Pediatric Population: A Strategic Treatment Algorithm and Outcomes.

Das K N, Sharma V, Shakrawal J, Tiwari S, Soni K, Choudhury B, Goyal A.

2024
Epidemiology and Prognostic Factors Associated With Mold-Positive Blood Cultures: 10-Year Data From a French Prospective Surveillance Program (2012–2022)

Thiziri Tala-Ighil, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Frédéric Dalle, Sophie Cassaing, Juliette Guitard, Karine Boukris-Sitbon, Thomas Obadia, Olivier Lortholary, Valérie Letscher-Bru, Marie-Pierre Ledoux, Taïeb Chouaki, Anne Pauline Bellanger, Célia Rouges, Marie Elisabeth Bougnoux, Maxime Moniot, Marc Pihet, Vincent Dubée, Frédéric Gabriel, Florent Morio, Lilia Hasseine, Christine Bonnal, Maud Gits-Muselli, Estelle Perraud-Cateau, Caroline Mahinc, Muriel Nicolas, Elisabeth Chachaty, Camille Cordier, Laurence Lachaud, Laura Courtellemont, Benoït Henry, Cécile Angebault, Gilles Gargala, Adélaïde Chesnay, Marie Liesse Pacreau, Laure Kamus, Nicole Desbois-Nogard, Magalie Demar, Loïc Epelboin, Alexandre Alanio, Eric Dannaoui, Fanny Lanternier; French Mycoses Study Group

2025
Fungal Infections in the Caribbean: A Review of the Literature to Date

Nicole Gousy, Bharadwaj Adithya Sateesh, David W Denning, Krystal Latchman, Edmond Mansoor, Jillwin Joseph, Prasanna Honnavar

2023
Re-estimation of the burden of serious fungal diseases in Uganda

Bongomin F, Kwizera R, Namusobya M, van Rhijn N, Andia-Biraro I, Kirenga BJ, Meya DB, Denning DW.

2024
Epidemiology and Azole Resistance of Clinical Isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus from a Large Tertiary Hospital in Ningxia, China.

Kang Y, Li Q, Yao Y, Xu C, Qiu Z, Jia W, Li G, Wang P.

2024

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