Date: 26 November 2013
Secondary metabolites, structure diagram: Trivial name – secalonic acid D
Copyright: n/a
Notes:
Species: A. aculeatus, A. ochraceus, A. uvarumSystematic name: [7,7′-Bi-4aH-xanthene]-4a,4’a-dicarboxylic acid, 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,9,9′-octahydro-1,1′,4,4′,8,8′-hexahydroxy-3,3′-dimethyl-9,9′-dioxo-, dimethyl ester, (3S,3’S,4R,4’R,4aR,4’aR)-Molecular formulae: C32 H30 O14Molecular weight: 638.581Chemical abstracts number: 35287-69-5Selected references: Andersen, Raymond; Buechi, George; Kobbe, Brunhilde; Demain, Arnold L. (Dep. Chem., Massachusetts Inst. Technol., Cambridge, Mass., USA). J. Org. Chem., 42(2), 352-3 (English) 1977.Kurobane I, Vining LC, McInnes AG. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1979 Dec;32(12):1256-66. Biosynthetic relationships among the secalonic acids. Isolation of emodin, endocrocin and secalonic acids from Pyrenochaeta terrestris and Aspergillus aculeatus.Toxicity: mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 26500ug/kg (26.5mg/kg) EFFECTS: VASCULAR: REGIONAL OR GENERAL ARTERIOLAR OR VENOUS DILATION LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CHANGES IN PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 39, Pg. 285, 1980. mouse LD50 intravenous 25mg/kg (25mg/kg) EFFECTS: BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: FOOD INTAKE (ANIMAL) SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Vol. 5, Pg. 1159, 1979.mouse LDLo oral 30mg/kg (30mg/kg) EFFECTS: SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION LIVER: HEPATITIS (HEPATOCELLULAR NECROSIS), ZONAL LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 48, Pg. A14, 1979. rat LD50 oral 22mg/kg (22mg/kg) EFFECTS: SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION LIVER: HEPATITIS (HEPATOCELLULAR NECROSIS), ZONAL LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 48, Pg.
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Pulmonary aspergillosis (K&E) (parrot C). Tissue from an individually housed and recently purchased, 6 month old African grey parrot found dead in the cage. Necropsy examination revealed focal necrosis of the left lung. This section stained by haematoxylin and eosin reveals septate fungal hyphae within the lung parenchyma. Similar hyphae were located in the walls and lumen of parabronchi, and within the walls of pulmonary blood vessels.
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Nasal aspergillosis. Tissue from an 8 year old, neutered male thoroughbred horse with an initial history of sinusitis leading to progressive neurological signs (ataxia, behavioural abnormalities) and prolonged recumbency. Necropsy examination revealed a focus of grey-caseous material within the right nasal chamber that comprised a mat of branching, septae fungal hyphae and mixed inflammatory cells (haematoxylin and eosin stain). Aspergillus spp was cultured from the lesion. There was no gross or histologica
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Immunofluorescence. Section of renal granuloma from dog J stained with polyclonal antiserum specific for Aspergillus terreus by immunofluorescence.
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Complement deposition (dog J). Section of myocardial granuloma from dog J stained for canine complement C3 by immunofluorescence. Deposition of C3, but not C4, on fungal hyphae suggests activation of the alternative rather than classical pathway of complement.
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Lymph node granuloma – Section of lymph node granuloma from a German shepherd dog with disseminated aspergillosis stained for canine IgA by immunofluorescence. The fungal hyphae within the centre of the lesion have surface IgA, and IgA-bearing plasma cells are present within the surrounding inflammatory infiltrate
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Extensive focus of pyogranulomatous inflammation within the kidney of dog J
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Aspergillus granuloma within the myocardium of dog J.
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Retinal aspergillosis (dog J) – Section of retina from a German shepherd dog with disseminated aspergillosis. Fungal hyphae and inflammatory cells are found within the vitreous
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Saggital section of kidney from a German shepherd dog with disseminated aspergillosis. There are granulomata within the medulla, and fungal material within the renal pelvis. Renal involvement in canine dissemianted aspergillosis is common, and the demonstration of fungal hyphae within urine sediment is a useful screening test.
