Date: 26 November 2013
Secondary metabolites, structure diagram: Trivial name – helvolic acid
Copyright: n/a
Notes:
Species: A. fumigatiaffinis, A. fumigatus, A. novofumigatusSystematic name: 29-Nordammara-1,17(20),24-trien-21-oic acid, 6,16-bis(acetyloxy)-3,7-dioxo-, (4a,6b,8a,9b,13a,14b,16b,17Z)- (9CI)Helvolic acid (6CI, 7CI); (Z)-6b,16b-Dihydroxy-3,7-dioxo-29-nor-8a,9b,13a,14b-dammara-1,17(20),24-trien-21-oic acid diacetate; FumigacinMolecular formulae: C33H44O8Molecular weight: 568.698Chemical abstracts number: 29400-42-8Selected references: Waksman SA , et al. The production of two antibacterial substances, fumigacin and clavacin. Science 96: 202-203, 1942WILLIAMS TI.Biochem J. 1952 Jul;51(4):538-42. Some chemical properties of helvolic acid.OKUDA S, IWASAKI S, TSUDA K, SANO Y, HATA T, UDAGAWA S, NAKAYAMA Y, YAMAGUCHI H. THE STRUCTURE OF HELVOLIC ACID.Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1964 Jan;12:121-4. Amitani R, Taylor G, Elezis EN, Llewellyn-Jones C, Mitchell J, Kuze F, Cole PJ, Wilson R. Purification and characterization of factors produced by Aspergillus fumigatus which affect human ciliated respiratory epithelium. Infect Immun. 1995 Sep;63(9):3266-71.Toxicity: mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 400mg/kg (400mg/kg) Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties, Korzyoski, T., et al., eds., Washington, DC, American Soc. for Microbiology, 1978Vol. 3, Pg. 1837, 1978. mouse LDLo intravenous 500mg/kg (500mg/kg) Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties, Korzyoski, T., et al., eds., Washington, DC, American Soc. for Microbiology, 1978Vol. 3, Pg. 1837, 1978.
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The chest x-ray shows a patient who had a left lung transplanted in May 2003 for cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, which was diagnosed post-transplant as sarcoidosis.
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Gross pathology demonstrating the great pleural thickness and two cavities (upper lobe and superior segment of lower lobe) with fragments of fungal mass.
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Histopathological appearance of a fungus ball. Note a conidial head resulting from fungal exposure to the air.
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Histopathological appearance of a fungus ball caused by Scedosporium apiospermum. The presence of anneloconidia differentiates it from Aspergillus.
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Chronic necrotising aspergillosis. Hyaline hyphal and calcium oxalate crystals obtained by needle aspirate biopsy from a diabetic patient with chronic necrotizing aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus niger (Papanicolaou, x 100).
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Aspergillus niger fungus ball and acute oxalosis. Higher magnification of adjacent replicate section.
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Oxalate crystals within renal tubuli (H&E, phase contrast, x 100). This patient developed acute oxalosis.
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Lung surface. Fungus ball, severe parenchymal fibrosis and pleural thickening.
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