Date: 26 November 2013
Secondary metabolites, 3D structure: Trivial name – helvolic acid
Copyright: n/a
Notes:
Species: A. fumigatiaffinis, A. fumigatus, A. novofumigatusSystematic name: 29-Nordammara-1,17(20),24-trien-21-oic acid, 6,16-bis(acetyloxy)-3,7-dioxo-, (4a,6b,8a,9b,13a,14b,16b,17Z)- (9CI)Helvolic acid (6CI, 7CI); (Z)-6b,16b-Dihydroxy-3,7-dioxo-29-nor-8a,9b,13a,14b-dammara-1,17(20),24-trien-21-oic acid diacetate; FumigacinMolecular formulae: C33H44O8Molecular weight: 568.698Chemical abstracts number: 29400-42-8Selected references: Waksman SA , et al. The production of two antibacterial substances, fumigacin and clavacin. Science 96: 202-203, 1942WILLIAMS TI.Biochem J. 1952 Jul;51(4):538-42. Some chemical properties of helvolic acid.OKUDA S, IWASAKI S, TSUDA K, SANO Y, HATA T, UDAGAWA S, NAKAYAMA Y, YAMAGUCHI H. THE STRUCTURE OF HELVOLIC ACID.Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1964 Jan;12:121-4. Amitani R, Taylor G, Elezis EN, Llewellyn-Jones C, Mitchell J, Kuze F, Cole PJ, Wilson R. Purification and characterization of factors produced by Aspergillus fumigatus which affect human ciliated respiratory epithelium. Infect Immun. 1995 Sep;63(9):3266-71.Toxicity: mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 400mg/kg (400mg/kg) Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties, Korzyoski, T., et al., eds., Washington, DC, American Soc. for Microbiology, 1978Vol. 3, Pg. 1837, 1978. mouse LDLo intravenous 500mg/kg (500mg/kg) Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties, Korzyoski, T., et al., eds., Washington, DC, American Soc. for Microbiology, 1978Vol. 3, Pg. 1837, 1978.
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4 Total obstruction of the sinuses due to inflamed mucosa. (Patient 04)
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1 Axial computed tomography (CT) scans of the frontal sinus.
A: due to the long lasting pressure of mucus, the bone of the anterior wall of frontal sinus is thinned out and elevated anteriorly, forming a bulge. B: same situation as depicted in fig A: the posterior bony wall of frontal sinus is thinned out and extremely elevated posteriorly towards the frontal lobe of the brain. As depicted on the scan, a thin bony layer covering the dura could be recognized intraoperatively
