Date: 26 November 2013
Fig3 Pulmonary artery
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Notes:
Fig 1. Trachea and bronchi A 50+ year old woman received a double lung transplant for emphysema. She did well initially, but then Aspergillus fumigatus was grown from her airways, in association with mucous and a pseudomembrane covering parts of her anastomosis and airways. 2 months after her transplant she was undergoing bronchoscopy, and started to bleed. This rapidly became torrential and she suffered a cardiac arrest and died.
She underwent autopsy at which it was found that the larynx, trachea and major bronchi all contained blood (Fig 1).
The bronchial anastomoses were intact, but brown fluffy material was found overlying the stitches on both sides. On the right side plaques of similar material were seen distal to the anastomoses, overlying an ulcer and an obstructing the smaller bronchi.
On the left side an ulcer 1.5cm in diameter (with blood in it) was seen in the main bronchus distal to the anastomosis on the anterior wall (Fig 2). The sutures of the anastomosis are intact. The centre of the ulcer had ulcerated through into the left main pulmonary artery (Fig 3). The pulmonary artery shows necrosis and discolouration of the intimal surface over an area of 1.5-1.0cm.
Histopathology examination showed fungal hyphae perforating the bronchial wall and arterial wall around and in the ulcer. The ulcer on the right side showed hyphae perforating the wall and bronchial cartilage.
Images library
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Image A
CT Scan 30/3/99
Showing extreme pleural thickening and 2 small cavities at apex of left lung.
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A 43 year old with smoking related emphysema was admitted to hospital with two separate episodes of haemoptysis. He had been in good health up to 1989, when he was diagnosed as having bilateral pulmonary tuberculosis. At that time a CT scan revealed a cavity in the left upper lobe (20.8cm2) with adjacent confluent infiltrates and pleural thickening. On bronchoscopic examination no abnormalities were noted and endobronchial biopsies did not reveal hyphae.
Over the next 4 years his condition deteriorated and a CT scan showed the left upper lobe cavity had increased to 40cm2. Itraconazole 400mg daily was prescribed. There was some clinical improvement on itraconazole but patient eventually deteriorated with breathlessness and with significant weight loss.
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