Host genetics and Aspergillus infections

Ref ID: 19451

Author:

P. Y. Bochud

Author address:

CHUV, Switzerland

Full conference title:

6th Trends in Medical Mycology 2013

Date: 11 October 2014

Abstract:

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is the most frequent invasive fungal infec-
tion among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients.
Despite the availability of novel antifungal drugs, it is still associated
with an important mortality, ranging from 35 to 50%. Clinical risk
factors are not good predictors of the disease. Increasing evidence
suggests that in the risk to develop IFIs may result, at least in part,
from genetic polymorphisms in HSCT donors and/or recipients. Poly-
morphisms in innate immune genes such as those encoding Toll-like
receptor 4 (TLR4), plasminogen, the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand
10 (CXCL-10), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a
receptor, the interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R), Dectin-1 have been
associated with the risk to develop IA. Based on these findings, the
systematic detection of high risk genetic determinants in the donor
and the recipient before HSCT may allow the use of personalized,
targeted prophylactic measures in the coming years. However, many
studies have been limited by several factors including a small sam-
ples size, inappropriate control selection and or the lack of replica-
tion. Furthermore, the increasing use of prophylactic agents is
limiting the ability to assess the role of such polymorphisms. Very
large, well designed studies are needed to further assess the role of
host genetic markers in predicting the risk of IA in the clinical prac-
tice. Further improvements in the treatment of IFIs may results
from the extended use of biomarkers for early diagnosis, infection
and drug monitoring, as well as pharmacogenomics. Overall, the
management of IFI among high risk hematological patients may be
improved in the future by the use of more personalized approaches,
including better risk stratification, earlier diagnosis and better treat-
ment follow-up.

Abstract Number: w08-2

Conference Year: 2013

Link to conference website: NULL

New link: NULL

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